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Obama: A Great Debater

I've often thought that Barack Obama may be a better debate coach than a debater.  In this space I even questioned his debate preparation.  

I turned out to be wrong.  He is both a great coach and a great debater.

If you've watched the 20 democratic debates, you've seen the maturation of Barack Obama from a relative novice to a "great debater."  He's figured out what few ever do - and that is the best strategic and tactical position is to speak in the language of the judge and judge the debate as you go along.  In a 2005 article in the Debater's Research Guide, I argued that debaters should learn to speak in the language of the judge.  Obama did that tonight and more.  Over the past two month's he's been framing himself as the best debater and that's worked well for him.

Obama's Ohio debate performance offers a tutorial for how to approach debates.  

1. Frame issues as debates and utilize the ethos of debate as a way of reaching decisions on the important matters of the day.  "I am happy to have that debate" is a phrase Obama has used often and it's a smart tack because it allows him to refocus the discussion on the issue at hand.  He's done it numerous times in recent weeks, but he did it again tonight:

OBAMA: Now, I am -- I am happy to have a discussion with Senator Clinton about how we can both achieve the goal of universal health care. What I do not accept -- and which is what Senator Clinton has consistently done and in fact the same experts she cites basically say there's no real difference between our plans, that are -- that they are not substantial.

2. Point out inaccuracies:  Obama used the word "accurate" and "inaccurate" often as a way of characterizing, sorting, and employing evidence.

OBAMA: Well, I think that it is inaccurate for Senator Clinton to say that she's always opposed NAFTA. In her campaign for Senate, she said that NAFTA, on balance, had been good for New York and good for America. I disagree with that. I think that it did not have the labor standards and environmental standards that were required in order to not just be good for Wall Street but also be good for Main Street. And if you travel through Youngstown and you travel through communities in my home state of Illinois, you will see entire cities that have been devastated as a consequence of trade agreements that were not adequately structured to make sure that U.S. workers had a fair deal.

and

OBAMA: Well, I think Senator Clinton speaks accurately about him. He is somebody who was hand-picked by Putin. Putin has been very clear that he will continue to have the strongest hand in Russia in terms of running the government. And, you know, it looks -- just think back to the beginning of President Bush's administration when he said -- you know, he met with Putin, looked into his eyes and saw his soul, and figured he could do business with him.

3. Make strategic concessions: This clip will be replayed often.  Enough said.

SEN. OBAMA: Tim, I have to say I don't see a difference between denouncing and rejecting. There's no formal offer of help from Minister Farrakhan that would involve me rejecting it. But if the word "reject" Senator Clinton feels is stronger than the word "denounce," then I'm happy to concede the point, and I would reject and denounce.

4. Identify the focal point of the debate: Framing the debate is crucial and pointing out points of stasis prevents deviation.

OBAMA: Well, look, I believe in universal health care, as does Senator Clinton. And this is -- this is, I think, the point of the debate, is that Senator Clinton repeatedly claims that I don't stand for universal health care. And, you know, for Senator Clinton to say that, I think, is simply not accurate.

5. Contextualize the argument:

OBAMA: But I think it's very important to understand the context of this, and that is that Senator Clinton has -- her campaign, at least -- has constantly sent out negative attacks on us, e-mail, robocalls, flyers, television ads, radio calls. And, you know, we haven't whined about it because I understand that's the nature of these campaigns, but to suggest somehow that our mailing is somehow different from the kinds of approaches that Senator Clinton has taken throughout this campaign I think is simply not accurate.

6. Looking forward to the next debate:  A good debater never expects the present debate to be their last debate.  Instead, they are always looking ahead to the next debate.  Obama does this vis-à-vis McCain.

OBAMA: And so my claim is not simply based on a speech. It is based on the judgments that I've displayed during the course of my service on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, while I've been in the United States Senate, and as somebody who, during the course of this campaign, I think has put forward a plan that will provide a clean break against Bush and Cheney. And that is how we're going to be able to debate John McCain. Having a debate with John McCain where your positions were essentially similar until you started running for president, I think, does not put you in a strong position.

7. Turn your opponent's language against them.  In this case, Obama does this with Clinton's repeated use of "fight" rhetoric. On three separate occasions she invokes the rhetoric of the fighter as the rationale for her candidacy:  

CLINTON: So we should have a good debate that uses accurate information, not false, misleading, and discredited information, especially on something as important as whether or not we will achieve quality, affordable health care for everyone. That's my goal. That's what I'm fighting for, and I'm going to stand up for that.

and

CLINTON: You know, 15 years ago I tangled with the health insurance industry and the drug companies, and I know it takes a fighter. It takes somebody who will go toe-to-toe with the special interests.

and


CLINTON: So part of what we have to do here is recognize that the special interests are not going to give up without a fight. And I believe that I am a fighter, and I will fight for the people of Ohio and the people of America.

The problem is, that doesn't work.  It falls prey to the major argument for the Obama candidacy - change - change away from the politics of fighting:

OBAMA: You know, she mentioned that she is a fighter on health care. And look -- I do not in any way doubt that Senator Clinton genuinely wants to provide health care to all Americans. What I have said is that the way she approached it back in '93, I think, was wrong in part because she had the view that what's required is simply to fight. And Senator Clinton ended up fighting not just the insurance companies and the drug companies, but also members of her own party. And as a consequence, there were a number of people, like Jim Cooper of Tennessee and Bill Bradley and Pat Moynihan, who were not included in the negotiations. And we had the potential of bringing people together to actually get something done.

He closes with characterizing her as doing little more than fighting:

OBAMA: And, you know, there is still a lot of fight going on in this contest, and we've got four coming up, and maybe more after that. But the one thing I'm absolutely clear about is Senator Clinton has campaigned magnificently. She is an outstanding public servant. And I'm very proud to have been campaigning with her.

And then she falls into the trap:

CLINTON: That's what my public life has been about. I want to help the people of this country get the chances they deserve to have. And I will do whatever I can here in Ohio, in Texas, Rhode Island, in the states to come making that case. Because I think we do need a fighter back in the White House.

8.    Judge the debate:  A good debater always judges the debate for the judge.  Here's one example:

OBAMA: I do want to focus on the issue of health care because Senator Clinton has suggested that the flyer that we put out, the mailing that we put out, was inaccurate. Now, keep in mind that I have consistently said that Senator Clinton's got a good health care plan. I think I have a good health care plan. I think mine is better, but I have said that 95 percent of our health care plan is similar. I have endured over the course of this campaign repeatedly negative mailing from Senator Clinton in Iowa, in Nevada and other places suggesting that I want to leave 15 million people out. According to Senator Clinton, that is accurate. I dispute it, and I think it is inaccurate. On the other hand, I don't fault Senator Clinton for wanting to point out what she thinks is an advantage to her plan. The reason she thinks that there are more people covered under her plan than mine is because of a mandate. That is not a mandate for the government to provide coverage to everybody; it is a mandate that every individual purchase health care. And the mailing that we put out accurately indicates that the main difference between Senator Clinton's plan and mine is the fact that she would force in some fashion individuals to purchase health care.

9. Overcome your weakness.  In this case, its great speeches but little more.  

OBAMA: Look, I understand the broader point that Senator Clinton's been trying to make over the last several weeks. You know, she characterizes it typically as speeches, not solutions, or talk versus action. And as I said in the last debate, I've spent 20 years devoted to working on behalf of families who are having a tough time and they're seeking out the American dream. That's how I started my career in public service, that's how I brought Democrats and Republicans together to provide health care to people who needed it, that's how I helped to reform a welfare system that wasn't working in Illinois, that's how I've provided tax breaks to people who really needed them as opposed to just the wealthy, and so I'm very proud of that track record. And if Senator Clinton thinks that it's all talk, you know, you got to tell that to the wounded warriors at Walter Reed who had to pay for their food and pay for their phone calls before I got to the Senate. And I changed that law. Or talk to those folks who I think have recognized that special interests are dominating Washington and pushing aside the agenda of ordinary families here in Ohio.

He finishes with this:

OBAMA: And so I am not interested in talk. I am not interested in speeches. I would not be running if I wasn't absolutely convinced that I can put an economic agenda forward that is going to provide them with health care, is going to make college more affordable, and is going to get them the kinds of help that they need not to solve all their problems, but at least to be able to achieve the American dream.

In a nutshell, Obama gets what it means to be both a debate coach and a debater.

< Liveblog of Cleveland Democratic Debate | DebateScoop Noted on Newsweek.com >
 Display:
Nicely stated post, the evidence of how one "transcends" an argumentative frame is great. If one wants more, a post on Huffington should also be of interest: http://www.huffingtonpost.c om/joseph-a-palermo/floats- like-a-butterfly-_b_88645.h tml

  • Allan Louden, Wake Forest University
  • Winston-Salem, NC
  • by Allan Louden on 02/27/2008 08:51:48 AM EST